Household Income by State
Data as of 2022Mean and median gross monthly household income by state from 1970 to 2022.
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How is this data produced?
Data on individual salaries and wages in the formal economy is easy to obtain from administrative records. However, data on household income is more difficult to tabulate, as it requires the correct definition of a statistical household, as well as the inclusion of non-salary sources of income such as property income, dividends, and interest. For this reason, it requires the use of a representative survey or census.
In Malaysia, data on household income (as well as expenditure and access to basic amenities) is collected through the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), which is conducted at least twice within any 5-year period. The data shown here was tabulated from household-level HIES records spanning 1970 to 2022 (the latest edition). For a full description of the methodology, please refer to the technical notes.
What caveats I should bear in mind when using this data?
This data presents nominal values, i.e. they have not been adjusted for inflation. Furthermore, given that the data is produced from surveys spanning over half a century, the following methodological changes should be noted:
- Data for 1970 and 1974 refers to Peninsular Malaysia only. 1976 was the first year in which Sabah and Sarawak were included in the survey.
- Data from 1989 onwards refers to Malaysian citizens only. Although non-citizens are also included in the surveys, the official statistics (which form the basis for national welfare policy) are based on citizens only
- Kuala Lumpur was gazzeted as a Federal Territory on 1 February 1974. Accordingly, data for W.P. Kuala Lumpur is only available from 1976. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Kuala Lumpur was included under Selangor.
- Labuan was gazetted as a Federal Territory on 16 April 1984. However, due to limitations in sampling, data for W.P. Labuan is only available from 2007. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Labuan was included under Sabah.
- Putrajaya was gazzeted as a Federal Territory on 1 February 2001. However, due to limitations in sampling, data for W.P. Putrajaya is only available from 2007. Prior to that, data for residents of W.P. Putrajaya was included under Selangor.
Publication(s) using this data
The Household Income Survey Report, 2022, the latest edition of the household income statistics published by DOSM. OpenDOSM also features a dashboard on household income which enables you to explore Malaysia's household income data interactively.
Metadata
Dataset description
Mean and median gross monthly household income by state from 1970 to 2022.
Variable definitions
- State
- Date
- Mean Income
- Median Income
Name in Dataset | Variable | Definition |
|---|---|---|
state (Categorical) | State | One of 16 states, including the 3 Federal Territories |
date (Date) | Date | The date in YYYY-MM-DD format, with MM-DD set to 01-01 as the data is at annual frequency |
income_mean (Integer, RM) | Mean Income | Average gross monthly household income |
income_median (Integer, RM) | Median Income | Median gross monthly household income; this is generally less than the mean income due to the right-skewed distribution of income |
Last updated:
28 Jul 2023, 12:00
Next update:
N/A
Data source(s)
- DOSM
URLs to dataset
License
This data is made open under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). A copy of the license is available Here.
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Data
Full Dataset (CSV)
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Full Dataset (Parquet)
Recommended for data scientists seeking to work with data via code.
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Code
Connect directly to the data with Python.
# If not already installed, do: pip install pandas fastparquet
import pandas as pd
URL_DATA = 'https://storage.dosm.gov.my/hies/hh_income_state.parquet'
df = pd.read_parquet(URL_DATA)
if 'date' in df.columns: df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
print(df)Sample OpenAPI query
The following code is an example of how to make an API query to retrieve the data catalogue mentioned above. You can use different programming languages by switching the code accordingly. For a complete guide on possible query parameters and syntax, please refer to the official Open API Documentation.
import requests
import pprint
url = "https://api.data.gov.my/data-catalogue?id=hh_income_state&limit=3"
response_json = requests.get(url=url).json()
pprint.pprint(response_json)
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